The Two Franks and Their Architecture Essay - 973 Words

Different architects have different styles because they are trying to get at different things. Architecture is not just about making something beautiful anymore, it is about trying to get across a set of ideas about how we inhabit space. Two of the most famous architects of the twentieth century, one from each side, the early part and the later part up until today each designed a museum with money donated by the Guggenheim foundation. One of these is in New York City, it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The other is in bilbao, Spain, and it was designed by Frank Geary. My purpose of this paper is to interrogate each of these buildings, glorious for different reasons, to show how each architect was expressing their own style.†¦show more content†¦This is a very functional approach. I am only going to talk about the outside of Frank Gearys museum because I have never been there, and I have only seen pictures on the internet. This building is surprisingly attractive be cause the other building that we saw in class of his, his house in Santa Monica, had a great deal of ugliness, to use an official term. His house in Santa Monica was supposed to look unfinished, with an emphasis on the materials used in construction. This building, however, looks as if it has been wrapped in silver. It looks very futuristic, and angular, so it could be functional as a museum as a museum because people will know it holds modern art. I like the way that it catches reflections, almost mirroring the surrounding buildings. So, in these two examples we see very different approaches to architecture. One has an impressive inside and the other one has an appealing outside. Also, both seem to be departures for the architects from their normal modes-- Wrights building doesnt blend in with nature, and Gearys doesnt look deconstructed into small parts. Now if only they could has worked together on one project, then we would have a museum that would be perfect inside and out. The Falling Water House that was built by Frank Lloyd Wright is an embodiment of organic architecture. It has a stone face that was the same tonal feeling of the rock that surrounds the building. There is a feeling that is inspired in theShow MoreRelatedThe Idea of Space Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesartistic activities. It is the three dimensional aspect of space that a person can find his or herself within. A painting is simply two dimensional, even if the artist could introduce other dimensions to it, the viewer can only see the painting on a flat canvas. Sculpture is three-dimensional however people can see that from the outside and immediately relate to it. Architecture is very much similar to a large statue that has been simply carved from the inside so that one can live and dwell from withinRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wright: A Biography992 Words   |  4 PagesFrank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright was born on June 8, 1867 in Richland Center, Wisconsin. As a child, Wright was far closer to his mother than his father and it was reported that after his parents divorced in 1881, Frank Lloyd Wright never laid eyes on his father again. The premier male influence on Wright in his teen years was a maternal uncle who got Wright into a prodigious school and encouraged him intellectually. Within the immediate household, Frank became the primary caregiver for hisRead MoreA Comparison Of Falling Water By Frank Lloyd Wright703 Words   |  3 Pagesbest friends. In Mill Run, Pennsylvania sits Falling Water, one of the most famous residential houses ever constructed (figure 5). The American Institute of Architecture named Falling Water one of the most significant building in the last 125 years. The reason behind its unique name was because it was built on top of a waterfall. When Frank Lloyd Wright designed Falling Water he was sixty-nine years old, unemployed, and peopl e considered his career to be over. Countless engineers did not believeRead MoreThe Walt Disney Concert Hall is Leonard Koscianskis Astounding Architecture767 Words   |  3 PagesThe Walt Disney Concert Hall is an astounding work of architecture. Leonard Koscianski finished designing this work in 1991, but the process of construction lasted almost a decade. The cost of the building ended up exceeding the original figures, which slowed construction. With donations from private sources, including the Disney family and The Walt Disney Company, The Walt Disney Concert Hall finally opened on October 24, 2003. The cost of the concert hall was roughly 274 million dollars, and seatsRead MoreA View Of The Fallingwater House1193 Words   |  5 PagesFallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright.ArchDaily Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide 14 (2010). Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classics-fallingwater-frank-lloyd-wright â€Å"A view of the Fallingwater House† This essay paper studies the nature of scholarly research in architectural history by reviewing and analyzing the article â€Å"AD Classics: Fallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright† by Adelyn Perez on the Arch Daily website. This essay also gives further analysis on the architecture of the FallingwaterRead MoreDancing House911 Words   |  4 PagesHouse Name of Architect: Frank Gehry Date Completed: 1996 Illustration of Work: ï ¿ ¼ Frank Gehry. Dancing House. Prague, Czech Republic. http://www.columbia.edu/~beecher/prague/Dancing_House/0600/dancing_building_1.html. Part 1: Description of This Building Dancing House by Frank Gehry, was a building that was started in 1992 and was finished in 1996. The building obviously resembling a couple dancing, was first named after Fred Astair and Ginger Rodgers, two of Hollywood’s dancersRead MoreAnalysis Of Sydney Ancher Peter Muller : Reinterpretation Of International Principles For Australia1503 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Principles for Australia In the study of Australian modern architecture, the term regionalism has constantly been discussed. In an architectural sense, regionalism can be understood as an architecture that is derived from its local setting. In relevance to this, elements of regionalism can be found in the works of Sydney Ancher and Peter Muller, two figures that had significant influence in Australian architecture discourse whose works can be seen as being Australian. Nevertheless, asRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wrights Impact on Architecture and Civil Engineering1201 Words   |  5 Pagesarchitectural engineers in America during the twentieth century has got to be Frank Lloyd Wright. He’s created and designed many creative and functional buildings for most of his career which spanned to about seventy years. His futuristic and modern designs were unique and creative, yet they were still functional for one to live in them. His eccentric thinking has brought about and greatly influenced the image of twentieth century architecture. His works have paved the way to the designs and structures of theRead MoreThe Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Museum978 Words   |  4 Pagescentury and modern art, designed by the famous architect Frank Gehry. Architecture is important nowadays to the public, because it offers a physical surrounding environment in where we live in. Moreover, architecture is not only affected by the culture, but also by the economy of the country. Frank Gehry is one of the handful modern architects that are worldwide known by his inventive and pioneering work. The American Canadian architect was born Frank Owen Goldberg in Toronto, Canada on February 28, 1929Read MoreThe Construction of Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesWisconsin born American architect, interior designer and author, Frank Lloyd Wright hit his architectural milestone in the mid-1930s when he designed his world-renowned master piece in Bear Run, Western Pennsylvania, â€Å"Fallingwater† also referred to as Kaufmann Residence. Owing to his unique perspective in architecture which he refers to as â€Å"organic†, the structure looks as though it sprung naturally amidst Bear Runs trees and water. Frank Lloyd Wright’s complete body of work was so broad that till date

Mental Illness And Crime Is Not Cause Crime And Violence

Conversations associating mental illness with extreme cases of violence have become, and continue to become, more and popular in the United States of America. Many people across the nation, and even in other countries around the world, are demanding answers to an outstanding number of questions. Why did these tragic events occur? Why do these tragic events continue to occur? Why is it that whenever a mass shooting occurs the suspect claims insanity? What is insanity? Are they telling the truth or is it just a cover up? Does mental illness really cause crime? There are so many questions all with varying supplementary scenarios however, I will focus on my belief that although mental illness does not cause crime and violence, it does contribute to it. I believe that the first and most important problem in this controversy is the lack of understanding what both mental illness and crime is. Robert Schug refers to both terms as â€Å"umbrella terms† in Stacy Mallicoat’s Crime and Criminal Justice: Concepts and Controversies (2016). Mental illness consists of numerous complex conditions that alters one’s state of mind with ranging severities and crime consists of varying levels of behaviors and actions that are against the law. The relationship that exists between mental illness and crime is not only crucial, but it is complex. When a crime is committed, ultimately the goal is for the offender to be rightfully charged and punished. But let’s say one who suffers from schizophrenia wasShow MoreRelatedMental Illness and Violent Crime1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe stereotype that goes hand in hand with mental illness that though seems to have improved over the years is still pervasive. Teplin, Abram McClelland (1994) state that people in general, believe that people with mental illness are more likely to commit violent crime with those without mental illness. In their study they seek to find evidence to that statement – to learn if having a mental illness increases the likeliness of violent crime and recidivism after release from prison. This authorRead MoreIn Recent Years, Violence Has Been Increasing And Causing1206 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, violence has been increasing and caus ing alarm due to the rising statistics and mass shootings. While most people see violence as a danger to our society, few try to understand what is really causing the violence. This literature review examines one approach to possibly reducing violence: better mental health care. This paper discusses the links between mental health and violence, and how proper medication and treatment can help to reduce violence in our communities. This reviewRead MoreKiana Griffin. 2 May 2017. Rhet 105 – M2. Rehabilitation1618 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment ​Mental health disorders are a significant cause of morbidity in prisons across the United States (U.S). 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Holmes thought thatRead MoreAre People With Mental Illness Dangerous?796 Words   |  4 PagesWe hear on the news about how a person has committed a homicide, or even a treacherous crime. The first thing that pops into ones head is something has to be wrong with that person, but really there isnt anything wrong with them at all. So, are mentally ill people also criminals? Studies suggest that there is no correlation between mental illness and crime. Why do we as people tend to think that mentally disorder people are so dangerous? According to a recent survey that was conducted. AboutRead MorePeople With Mental Illnesses Should Not Have / Own Guns1241 Words   |  5 PagesPeople with mental illnesses should NOT have/own guns Connor Nelson Period 2/3 5/7/15 Argumentative Essay People with mental illnesses are referred to a wide range of mental health conditions disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples like Autism, Anxiety Issues, and many more that affect them. 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Children have been murdered by gunfire in their classrooms in Connecticut, moviegoers have been shot to death while watching a film in Colorado, and a member of Congress, her constituents, and bystanders have been gunned down in Arizona. And of course, Columbine is a word, the name of a town, now etched into the consciousnessRead MoreA Research On Public Safety1001 Words   |  5 Pagesfrequently on the move from one temporary dwelling situation to another† (Charmard, 2016). Many people wonder if they are homeless and move around how they cause an issue with society. Opposing to general opinion the common constantly homeless persons are not hardened violent felon, but someone with a disproportionately high arrest rate for crimes such as public intoxication, petty theft, and trespassing. How can po lice and law enforcement officials help these homeless people? 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Tata Group Biggest Multinational Corporation in India Click on Sample

Question: Describe about the Tata Group Biggest Multinational Corporation in India? Answer: Introduction: Tata Group is considered to be one of the biggest multinational Corporation in India. The headquarters of Tata is situated in Mumbai, India. There are seven business units in Tata Group which includes information technology, Engineering, energy, materials, services, consumer products, chemicals and Communications. The establishment of Tata group was during the year 1868 by Jhamsetji Tata which was initially a trading company. Today the operations of Tata Group are carried in more than six continents and around 80 countries. There are seven sectors in Tata group which has operating companies more that hundred. The main companies under Tata group are Tata motors, Tata steel, TCS (Tata Consultancy Services), Tata Global Beverages, Tata Teleservices, Titan Industries, Tata communications and Taj Hotels. Total turnover of the 32 groups was approximately 8.4 Trillion till July 2014. The company earns more than 58% of its revenue from its foreign sectors (Financepractitioner.com, 2015). Various charitable trusts own the shares of Tata group of companies. Cyrus Pallonji is the present Chairman of Tata Group, who came into power after Ratan Tata resigned from the post three years ago. Tata sons, is the promoter of all other companies and owns the maximum shareholding of the company. According to a survey by ASSOCHAM, the enterprises and companies of the Tata Group is known to be Indias one of the best and well known brand, both inside and outside India. It achieved to rank the 11th most reputable company according to an annual survey conducted by the Reputation Institute at the end of 2008. The Organization has helped to finance and establish a number of cultural and educational institutes in India. The Tata group is known to be awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy due to its long history in philanthropic activities in 2007 (https://www.livemint.com/, 2015). Tata Groups Organic Growth strategy: Organic Growth is termed to the rate of business expansion through a companys internal activities while Inorganic growth states that the company has grown through merging with or acquiring other existing companies. Inorganic Growth is a faster way to grow than organic growth as in organic growth the prime objective is cost reduction and productivity maximization. Most of the companies of Tata have applied inorganic growth strategies and is doing exceptionally well. Example, Tata motors have adopted an inorganic growth strategy and is in an increasing trend, Tcs too is highly inorganic, other companies that are inorganic are Tata tea, Tata communications and Tata Chemicals. Thus though, Tata has been following the inorganic growth strategy in recent years but initially it has been following Organic Growth strategies where it mainly developed through technological advancements, new product developments and innovation. Through organic growth approach, the company started many industries in India including steel, hospitality, power, airlines etc. The concept of growth was redefined once Ratan Tata became the chairperson in 1991 (Icmrindia.org, 2015). He restructured Tata Group and helped in the expansion f the company globally. The first major example of the company adapting to inorganic growth is when Tata acquired the UK based brand Tetley in 2000.In 2013 -14 again, there was a changing trend that could be seen in Tata group where after decades of following inorganic growth strategy, Tata Group again stepped into organic Growth strategy. Under the chairmanship of Cyrus Mistry, the ten most profitable companies of the group has invested around 95,634 crores on organic Growth. Tata Group enjoyed much advantages of the organic growth strategy under Cyrus Mistry, through organic growth; Tata group was able to speculate the organization goals that the company would follow in the long run. Through this growth strategy, the management team was able to guide the company as per the goals of the company. Secondly, there was no cultural crashing as all the company employees were hired at the initial beginning of the business or were terminated to the recently established business. The business culture and norms will be preserved. Organic growth strategy of Tata Group was cheaper than the acquisitions of the company as when a company acquires another company they have to make payment of premium which is so costly that it can erase the whole worth of the acquisitions rather than enhancing the value of the shareholder. Moreover, organic growth has created better control and coordination for Tata Group. It is relatively inexpensive than inorganic growth strategy as the source comes from retained profits (Indianexpress.com, 2011). Tata Group was also able to avoid culture clashes that arise from acquiring new corporate where there is a clash between the new and existing corporate culture. But there are also many limitations of organic growth strategy for which the company under Ratan Tata switched to inorganic strategy after his accession. The organic growth strategy acquired a longer time to progress, as they require to start from the initial state including recruiting and hiring the human capital, setting up the whole business. Investing in machineries etc. moreover under organic growth strategy the business was bearing all the risks by themselves. The hierarchical structure of the company increases communication problems and the decision making was very slow. The communication under organic growth needs to be handled with more care and there is a need for training, retraining and updating the skill set for staff. There was another problem with organic growth and which is Tata group grow from partnership to public limited company and the original owners needed to share decision making with the new share holders and as a result the decision making was prolonged and there was conflict of interests between the shareholders. Inorganic growth strategies involved in the success of Tata Group When the responsibilities were taken by Ratan Tata,as the chairman of Tata Group in 1991, he rationalized the production and expanded it in the global forum. The first case of Tata group adopting inorganic growth strategy was the acquisition of UK bases Tetley by Tata tea in 2000.This incident was followed by a sequence of acquisitions by the company. Some of which are, Tata steel acquisition of Corus in 2007, Tata Motors acquiring Jaguar and land rover in 2008. Tata Group has recorded higher growth in revenues through inorganic augmentation. It also had to go through the risks and challenges of the proper management of the companys portfolios. Tata Group is looking forward to South East Asia, United States and Europe for their inorganic growth strategy. The group has to take over all the challenges of acquiring companies from these parts of the World. The main aim of Tata group should be maintenance of the integration of the companies while preserving the culture of Tata. With this inorganic growth on the rise there is a need to optimize the portfolio of companies that has been acquired(John Sadowsky Leadership Storytelling, 2015). The acquisitions have helped Tata Group in a number of ways. The acquisition of Tata Steel of Corus helped the company enter the value added steel market in Europe. The Strategy of Inorganic Growth is frequently seen as a quicker way for a company to develop as compared to organic growth. IN industries such as technology, growth is often accelerated through increase innovation. One way for the company to grow is to align with those companies who are taking in innovative technologies. Inorganic growth strategy has helped Tata Group to enter new markets, to expand customer base, to grow and consolidate in size quickly, to cut competition and finally to employ new technology in respect to people, products and processes. The strategy of inorganic growth is to multiply revenue by takeovers, integration, spinoffs, joint venture and merg ers and acquisitions. It can occur more quickly than organic growth. The Tata Group was benefitted by the larger pool of skills and experiences of the companies that is has acquired. It helped the company to acquire customers, assets, market position and sales immediately. It also has reduced competition for the Tata Group. However, there are many disadvantages of adopting inorganic growth as well. Inorganic growth strategy is more expensive than organic growth strategy. In inorganic growth Tata Group has faced multiple problems related to the integration of different cultures and organizational and management styles. There has been a possibility of diseconomies of scale. There have been greater risks for the company and also it was very difficult to control. Inorganic growth was more risky to the company as it involves acquiring new businesses, which have a different culture. It was also expensive for the Tatas. According to the managing Director Ravi Kant, the biggest challenge th at Tata Group faces today is the consolidation of their company. After the launching of the Nano, things have to be implemented on the ground. The other disadvantages of the inorganic growth strategy followed by the Tata is that when the company have joined forces with another company, the company has suddenly come across more employees and more assets to monitor. The company was growing indirections which it didnt anticipate. Such as the vision of the second company can take over the vision of the mother company. The company had to enter into new marketplace where they lacked any expertise knowledge (Managementparadise.com, 2015). Challenges and Issues : Tata Group has more than 300 subsidiaries and 100 at present with 40 businesses. The group faces many short term and long term problems in its pursuit of organic and inorganic growth strategies. Short term problems: The company needs to finance the short term borrowings and the day to day operations of the companies. In inorganic growth when two units merge there have to be many cultural issues among their employees. The Tata group has to undergo reformation of the resources but have to attach to the Tata groups traditional viewpoint of not firing anybody. It is a very daunting task to add new business lines with the existing business lines (Mbaskool.com, 2015) . The long term problems: To build up the technological capabilities of the company a robust research and development team is needed. The company has to include the new customer bases of the newly obtained companies. The new clients have to be added in the company to make business more profitable. The company should create a brand image to draw more clients in order to increase the market share. Thus, a proper marketing plan and strategy is required keeping in mind the long term objectives of the enterprise. The human resource management will be a big challenge in the long term as the company needs to chalk out plans to sustain the current businesses as well as aim for business expansion in the future through inorganic and organic growth (Ray Mukherjee, 2007). The short term and long term problems that have been discussed above have long lasting impacts on the way the company manages its businesses and other resources. In the context of Tatas ambition, critical assessment of Strategic Alliances and Mergers and Acquisitions A strategic Alliance is an agreement between two or more parties to pursue a set of objectives which have been agreed upon from before for the benefit of both the organizations while remaining independent organizations in the process. This form of co operations lies between organic growth and acquisitions and mergers. Acquisitions and merging of a company are aspects of corporate finance, strategic administration and management dealing with the dividing, selling, buying and combing of different companies with other companies that help a company to expand rapidly without the creation of any subsidiary (Rigsbee.com, 2015). Tata motors, is considered as Indias one of the largest company producing automobile which has business procedure in the countries like Spain, South Korea, UK, Thailand, Indonesia and South Africa through associate companies and subsidiaries. The Business comprises of the two iconic British brand, Jaguar Land Rover. It has made a joint venture with Fiat Group of Automobiles, having a strategic coalition with Fiat in 2005 to manufacture both Tata and fiat cars and Fiat power trains. The Tata group has joint venture business in Ukraine, Senegal and Bangladesh. Tata Motors has a strategic alliance with Marco polo which is the Brazil based maker of coach bodies and buses (Roll, 2015). Other Associations of Tata are Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, Tata motors European technical centre, Telco construction equipment company, Tata Technologies, Tata motors (Thailand), Tata Cummins, Hv Transmissions and HV Axlws, Tal Manufacturing Solutions, Hispano Carrocera, Concorde Motors And Tata Motors Finance. Now coming to communications, it belongs to the bigger investments of Tata Group with an investment of over $7.5 billion. The Groups communication actions are spread across four major companies i.e. Tata Teleservices limited, Tata sky, Tata Teleservices (Mumbai) and Tata Communications. Tata Teleservices Limited embarked on a growth path by the acquisition of Hughes Tele.com Ltd. in 2002. Over the last few years, the company has launched significant CDMA mobile operations under the brand name of Tata Indicom. Tata Photon and 2G GSM services are under the name of Tata Docomo in 2009. It has a joint venture with NTT DOCOMO of Japan. Tata Docomo was born after Tatas strategic alliance with NTT DOCOMO, a Japanese telecom service in November 2008. Tata Docomo got a license to operate all over India and rolled over GSM services in all 18 telecom circles. Tata Teleservices Limited entered into a strategic alliance with Indian retail industry Future Group to offer mobile telephone services u nder the new brand name of T24. The TTL also had a strategic tie up with Virgin Mobile that mainly targets the young people offering both GSM as well as CDMA mobility services. Presently, The tata Group will invest around $35 million in order to lay special focus in aerospace, defence, retail, financial serviced and realty infrastructure for the next ten years (Rediff, 2015). Tata International Limited again is a trading company that operates globally with a network of subsidiaries and offices in more than 39 countries in Asia, Africa, America and Europe. Tata Africa Holdings, the largest subsidiary of TIL has been the flag bearer of the Tata Group of companies since 1977 and had its headquarters in South Africa. Through this subsidiaries and Joint ventures worldwide Tata Group has made it large. Through mergers and acquisitions, Tata Group has been able to enter new markets in a faster way, it has been able to acquire new services and products, it has been able to learn new technologies, Acquire necessary skills and knowledge, Integrate vertically, geographically broaden markets and fill needs in the corporate portfolio. But there have been few disadvantages of mergers and acquisitions as well. The rate of turnover has increased due to MA. Moreover, high premium rates, increase of interest costs, the high advisory fees, managerial distraction, less innov ation are some of the inevitable risks and challenges of MA. There are certain limitations of Strategic alliances that have been faced by Tata Group are, in strategic alliance, the company enjoys only partial control and only shared profitability and not the whole profit. The administrative costs of the alliance are much for the company, there is also a high risk of opportunism faced by the company as a result. Foreign joint ventures are more risky due to high chance of misunderstandings and miscommunications and lack of knowledge about the constraints of the external world. The prospects and challenges of Tata Groups merger and acquisition and inorganic growth strategies under Ratan Tata Tata Group under the leadership of Ratan Tata started to expand globally by acquiring foreign companies during the beginning of 21st century, when Tata Tea obtained the UK based Tetley Tea for $432 million. The inorganic growth strategy was initially tried in the year 1995 but at that time it failed miserably. The acquisition of Tetley gave Tata an impetus of international beverage brand. Tata Consultancy Services also acquired CMC with itself as part of its efforts to consolidate its IT businesses. The other IT companies within the Tata group are the Tata Technologies and Tata Elxsi. The other joint ventures of TCS are APONLINE, Airline Financial Support Services, Aviation Software Development consultancy, Conscript. Tata America International Corporation, HOTV, WTI Advanced Technology. Atul Takle, vice president of TCS said that TCS believes that inorganic growth such as mergers and acquisitions would see the company becoming the undisputed global leader sooner or later. To consoli date its position as the leading brand in the IT industry, TCS acquired a 51 % equity stake in CMC ltd in 2001 for Rs. 1.52 billion. CMC was the leading management, infrastructure, networking and Maintenance Company in India. Moreover to help the company through its mergers and acquisitions processes, TCS created a special MA cell in 2001.TCS have also set up centers in the Hungary, UK, Australia, Japan and China. This helped the company strengthen its position in new markets (Sustainable-everyday-project.net, 2015). IN 2001, Tata acquired a controlling stake in Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (VSNL) which is a government company. In 2004, VSNL acquired Tyco Internationals telecom cables which are under sea. This made Tata the worlds largest carrier of international phone calls. In 2004, The Tata Motors purchased Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company ltd, (DWCV). This was the first time that any Indian company has acquired a foreign automobile company. The acquisition gave Tata Motors to ente r the Korean market, South East Asia and Chinese markets as well. After that Tata Motors acquired 21 % stake in Hispano Carrocera SA, a Spanish bus manufacturer. Tata Motors, in 2005, entered into an agreement with Thai Rung Union Car plc which was Thailands largest truck modifier pickup. Tata Motors got access within Asean region through this Acquisition policy. Tata Motors also entered into a JV with Marco polo which is a Brazil based company which is the worlds largest bus manufacturer in India. In 2006 it entered into a series of alliances with Italian automaker Fiat Auto S.P.A. which gave Tata access to a number of technologies. In 2005, The Tata group purchased Incat International, A major vendor for American Aerospace Auto Company. Indian Hotels, Company like The Pierre, The Ritz-Carlton Boston and Camden Place was acquired by the Tata Groups hotel business. In 2005, Tata Steel purchased The Singapore based manufacturer of Steel NatSteel Limited for US$ 486.4 million. This ac quisition helped Tata Steel to access major Asian markets and also Australia. It also acquired The Thailand based Millennium Steel for US $ 167 million to strengthen its position in the Asian Steel Industry. In 2007, Tata Steel acquired a bigger company the Anglo Dutch steel company Corus Group Plc for US$ 13.70 billion. This acquisition made Tata Steel the fifth largest producer of steel in the world. According to B.Muthuraman, MD of Tata Steel, the acquisitions that the company did gave the company a strong foothold in South East Asia and provided the company the ground for expansion and consolidates their position in the region (Tata.com, 2015). In 2008, Tata Motors acquired Jaguar-Land Rover for US$ 2.3 billion. In addition to this, Tata Tea acquired Tetley group, Tata Motors acquired Hispano Carocera, Tata Chemicals purchased Indo Maroc Phosphore, Indian Hotels acquired The Pierre, and Tata Coffee acquired Eight Oclock Coffee Company etc. These acquisitions significantly contributed to the Tata Groups revenues internationally as well as domestically. Industry experts reported that the success of Tata Group could be attributed towards its global acquisitions since the group reported revenues internationally of US$ 48.3 billion for the financial year ending 2011. Many experts have opined that Tata Group has recorded growth through its inorganic growth strategy. In 2010, Tata motors won the Indian Car of the Year Award for its Nano car. In this respect, Ratan Tata has said that hundred years ahead, Tata would be much bigger than what it is now. Moreover, The Company will be recorded as the best in India. Some analysts are of the opinions that Tata Motors Global acquisitions offered it strong synergies like good research and development capacities, expansion of product line and gaining of new markets. It also gave Tata Motors the opportunity to avoid risks by countering domestic market cyclicality through overseas markets. The acquisitions also helped Tata Motors to gain market access in countries like Western Europe, China, Latin America and South Africa(Tata.in, 2015). Strategic Alliance and Tata Steel: Strategic Alliance refers to a conformity for collaboration among two or more than two independent entities that operates together in order to achieve a common goal (Volberda, 2011). Strategic Alliance is different from joint venture because entities under strategic alliance do not form a new organization to further their objectives. Mergers and Acquisitions are a form of Strategic alliance that deals with combining and dividing, buying or selling companies of different or similar type. These kinds of Strategic Alliance help in growth of a company without creating a subsidy (Petitt and Ferris, n.d.). Tata Group under the leadership of Ratan Tata started to expand globally by acquiring foreign companies in the year 2000, when Tata Tea acquired UK based Tetley Tea for $432 million (Gaughan, 2010). The inorganic growth strategy was initially tried in the year 1995 but at that time it failed miserably. The acquisition of Tetley gave Tata an impetus of international beverage brand. Tata Consultancy Services also acquired CMC with itself as part of its efforts to consolidate its IT businesses. The Global Distribution and Trading Company of Tata group is better known as Tata International Limited, it has subsidiaries and network of offices over 39 countries from Europe, Asia, America and Africa. The revenue of Tata International Limited is of US$ 1.7 billion in financial year 2014. Along with marketing competencies and sourcing the companys leverage for their presence in the global market is maintained by providing good quality of products and services to their customers. The company has a strategic alliance with the major telecom NTT from JAPAN popularly known as DOCOMO which was inaugurated in 2008 (Petitt and Ferris, n.d.). This acquired popularity for the Tata group in the telecom industry. Apart from that the Tata group acquired stake of companies in the global market such as Tata communications and BT group of UK, where they acquired 100% stake, Tata chemicals and British Salt of UK (wholly-owned), Tata Communications and Neotel in South Africa, Tata Global beverages with Grand from Russia and in many other countries. Tata group has a strategy to think global in a local manner (Fernando, 2009). It adopted local culture for brand advertisement involving various cultural and social activities. For merging and Acquisition the Tata Group has a mindset of comprehending two entities and one. Even in promotions and advertisements the Tata group adopted globalization strategy in order to maintain competition in the global market. According to the case study, major acquisitions like Tata motors acquisition with Jaguar led the global repertoire and presence of Tata Group to a higher level which earned them the position among the top players of Automobile Industry globally. Then the acquisition of NAT Steel limited was a big step in for gaining access in the international market of Steel. This is because Nat Steel owned mills in countries like Philippines, China and Australia. The operation of NAT steel is customer based. Ratan Tatas Leadership style: Ratan Tata was born on 28th December 1937. He is an Indian businessman born to the famous Parsee Tata Family and is the great grandson of Jhamshedji Tata. He became the chairman of Tata Group in 1991 to 2012. He received the Padma Bhushan Award in 2000 and the Padma Vibhushan award in 2008 from the government of India (Businesstoday.intoday.in, 2015). Under the leadership of Ratan Tata, the Tata group climbed new heights with inorganic growth strategy and acquired profitable and huge companies globally such as JLR and Corus and Tetley etc. The values of Tata Group of companies are reliability, faith and service to mankind. Training and development is an important aspect of the culture of Tata (Tata.com, 2015). Ratan Tata is a born leader. He is a game changer. The leadership qualities of Ratan Tata can be stated as: Faith and commitment, Social service, justice and responsibility, global aspiration, trust, quality and real value of money. Creativity and industriousness and good understandings are the qualities of a true leader that Rattan Tata possesses. He is a visionary, who had a vision to see Tata as the biggest group of India in the coming hundred years (Tata.com, 2015). He is a strategist who initiated a proper blend of inorganic and organic strategies in making Tata group one of the leading companies worldwide. He is an initiator and a risk taker. He took the risk of establishing the Nio factory in Singer in west Bengal where he faced many political issues related to land acquisition and finally he faced the loss of 1500 cores but he overcome this challenging period and re formed his factory in Sunland Gujarat. He is also a champion of change. He is an expert in long term thinking a nd managing everything with ease. Finally he is a man of integrity, where he is very polite with employees, reserved and calm. He is also a workaholic where he has never left any work for tomorrow. For his strategic management, Rattan Tata also received the first award for Responsible Capitalism. In May 2008, Rattan Tatas name was published among the Worlds topmost 100 influential people. Innovation strategies of Tata Group: As the Tata Group conduct their business in a boundary less world it has contributed in innovation toward processes, thoughts, strategies and approaches (Sadler, 2003). The Tatas consider innovation as the means to produce, new and relevant services and products. The three prolonged strategy that the company has invested on across companies and business sectors are recognition of Innovative efforts and ideas, better communication initiatives and facilities that make it able for the company to learn from other companies (Kakabadse et al., 2011). Tata Group Innovation Forum (TGIF) is a vibrant network connecting Tata companies globally fostering collaboration and research and stimulating innovative thinking (Mellahi, Frynas and Finlay, 2005). The forum establishes number of workshops and events and accelerates communication between Tata managers, innovation academicians and experts.TGIF invites experts and academicians regularly in the field to conduct seminars and workshops which intr oduce new innovation tools and concepts and stimulate among tata mangers innovative thinking. Ratan Tata was affirmed that to make Tata Group the top most company, it was necessary to create technologically exciting and superior products. In order to distinguish it from other companies the Tatas have to depend on innovation and low costs. Ratan Tata was keen on the company to enter new markets as he felt that global competition would make the company more efficient .That is why Ratan Tata opted for inorganic growth strategies in order to expand its business opportunities and make it huge globally. As a result, the Tata Group operated in several sectors ranging from engineering, materials, energy, products, chemicals, communications information technology to services. These sectors contributed towards doubling the companys revenue both internationally and domestically. For the year ending 201 the international revenue of Tata group reported was around US$ 48.3 billion given to the in organic growth strategy of the Tata Group. My own opinion on organic and inorganic growth strategies and leadership in sustaining growth Tata Group the largest conglomerate in India is reported to be one of the worlds largest group of industries. Under the table leadership of Ratan Tata, the company embarked from organic growth strategy to inorganic growth strategy. Organic growth strategy was essential for the growth of the company internally, to review the functioning of different industries and take resort of its revenue. But Inorganic growth strategy helped the company gain an international reputation worldwide. Tata Group with its immense acquisition policies have become one of the worlds largest company in many sectors. As for example with the acquisition of Corus, Tata Steel became the 5th largest manufacturer of steel worldwide and also with the purchase of Jaguar-Land rover Tata motors became the huge manufacturer of cars (CRAINER, 2010). The innovation technology of Nano car happened when Ratan Tata once saw a family of four people travelling in a bike when he saw the dream of giving the middle class familie s of India a car which can be affordable by them within 1 lac INR. Nano went to become the most innovative technology in India and it gained huge success. Ratan Tata is a born leader and has far sightedness to see the future of Tata Group through inorganic growth strategies. He is a risk taker, and despite facing a huge debt of around 1 trillion he did not give up the hope of seeing Tata as Indias largest company in the future. Conclusion: Tata Group is an Indian Multinational Corporation whose headquarters is in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Tata group is the 11st largest Group worldwide. According to the analysts Tata has grown due to its organic and inorganic growth strategies. Through inorganic growth strategy, Tata Group has acquired many famous companies, worldwide, and had become Indias one of the largest manufacturing company. References: 1. Businesstoday.intoday.in,. (2015). Former Tata Steel MD J.J. Irani on Ratan Tata's leadership style - Business Today. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/j.j.-irani-on-ratan-tata-leadership-style/1/191230.html2. CRAINER, S. (2010). THE TATA WAY. Business Strategy Review, 21(2), pp.14-19.3. Financepractitioner.com,. (2015). Newsletter Signup - QFINANCE. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.financepractitioner.com/newsletter-signup4. https://www.livemint.com/,. (2015). Tata group builds on partnerships. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.livemint.com/Companies/1bv3rTEOmflUVAluUq3mCI/Tata-group-builds-on-partnerships.html5. Icmrindia.org,. (2015). Tata Group's Growth Strategies. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/BSTR414.htm6. Indianexpress.com,. (2011). Ratan Tata leadership style | The Indian Express. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://indianexpress.com/tag/ ratan-tata-leadership-style/7. John Sadowsky Leadership Storytelling,. (2015). Ratan Tata: a shining example of business leadership in the third world. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.johnsadowsky.com/ratan-tata-a-shining-example-of-business-leadership-in-the-third-world/8. Kakabadse, A., Omar Abdulla, M., Abouchakra, R. and Jawad, A. (2011). Leading smart transformation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.9. Tata.com, (2015). Tata group leaders praise Ratan Tata's leadership via @tatacompanies. [online] Available at: https://www.tata.com/article/inside/eZ4byYdHJ9I=/TLYVr3YPkMU= [Accessed 14 Mar. 2015].10. Mbaskool.com,. (2015). Mergers vs Strategic Alliances vs Joint Ventures - The Difference | Business Article | MBA Skool-Study.Learn.Share.. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.mbaskool.com/business-articles/finance/94-mergers-vs-strategic-alliances-vs-joint-ventures-the-diff11. Mellahi, K., Frynas, J. and Finlay, P. (2005). Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.12. Ray, K., Mukherjee, A. (2007). Case studies on growth. Hyderabad: Icfai Books.13. Rigsbee.com, (2015). Acquisitions vs Alliances: the Basics. [online] Available at: https://www.rigsbee.com/strategic-alliance-article-Rigsbee-87.htm [Accessed 14 Mar. 2015].14. Roll, M. (2015). Merger, Acquisition, AllianceWhich is the Best?. Chinabusinessphilippines.com. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://chinabusinessphilippines.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=249:merger-acquisition-a15. Sadler, P. (2003). Strategic Management, Second Edition. London: Kogan Page.16. Sustainable-everyday-project.net,. (2015). Innovation Culture of the Tata Group : Innovation Futures. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.sustainable-everyday-project.net/innovation-futures/2014/01/13/innovation-culture-of-the-tata-grou17. Tata.com,. (2015). Investing in innovation via @tatacompanies. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.tata.com/innovation/articlesinside /Investing-in-innovation18. Tata.com,. (2015). Investing in innovation via @tatacompanies. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.tata.com/innovation/articlesinside/Investing-in-innovation19. Tata.com,. (2015). Tata group leaders praise Ratan Tata's leadership via @tatacompanies. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.tata.com/article/inside/eZ4byYdHJ9I=/TLYVr3YPkMU=20. Tata.in,. (2015). Developing leaders via @tatacompanies. Retrieved 24 February 2015, from https://www.tata.in/article/inside/xigW5THRfYE=/TLYVr3YPkMU21. Rediff, (2015). Tata Group to invest $35 billion in 3 years. [online] Available at: https://www.rediff.com/money/report/tata-group-to-invest-usd-35-billion-in-3-years/20140730.htm [Accessed 14 Mar. 2015].22. Fernando, A. (2009). Corporate ethics, governance, and social responsibility. Delhi: Pearson Power, Dorling Kindersley.23. Gaughan, P. (2010). Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate Restructurings. 5th ed. John Wiley Sons, p.672.24. Petitt, B. and Ferr is, K. (n.d.). Valuation for mergers and acquisitions.25. Volberda, H. (2011). Strategic management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Martin Luther Essays (2899 words) - Anglican Sacraments, Methodism

Martin Luther This essay is concerned with Martin Luther (1483-1546), and his concept of Christianity. Luther began his ecclesiastical career as an Augustinian Monk in the Roman Catholic Church. Consequently, Luther was initially loyal to the papacy, and even after many theological conflicts, he attempted to bring about his reconciliation with the Church. But this was a paradox not to endure because in his later years, Luther waged a continual battle with the papacy. Luther was to become a professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg where, in 1957, he posted his critique of the Roman Catholic Church's teachings and practices. This is otherwise known as The Ninety-Five Theses, which is usually considered to be the original document of the Reformation. Basically, this document was an indictment of the venality of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly the widespread practice of selling indulgences in association with the sa crament of penance. Luther's beliefs on the matter was that after confession, absolution relied upon the sinner's faith and God's Divine Grace rather than the intervention of a priest. At this point, Luther did not advocate an actual separation from the Roman Catholic Church. Instead, Luther felt his suggested reforms York-3 could be implemented within Catholicism. If this had taken place, the Protestant Reformation would probably not of ever seen the light of day--nor would it have been necessary. But the theological practices being what they were in the Roman Church, there was little chance at that time for any great variations to occur within its folds. The Church of Rome was thoroughly monolithic and set in its ways and was not about to mutate into something else. If a metamorphosis had occurred within the Roman Catholic Church, Luther would have had a different desti ny. But Luther's fate was sealed, and his job was cut out for him. Concerning Luther and the Reformation, Paul Tillich states: "The turning point of the Reformation and of church history in general is the experience of an Augustinian monk in his monastic cell--Martin Luther. Martin Luther did not merely teach different doctrines; others had done that also, such as Wyclif. But none of the others who protested against the Roman system were able to break through it. The only man who really made a breakthrough, and whose breakthrough has transformed the surface of the earth, was Martin Luther. . . . He is one of the few great prophets of the Christian Church, and his greatness is overwhelming, even if it was limited by some of his personal traits and his later development. He is responsible for the fact that a purified Christianity, a Christianity of the Reformation, was able to establish itself equal term s with the Roman tradition" (Tillich 227). Tillich's York-4 main emphasis, then, is not on Luther as the founder of Lutheranism, but as the person who broke through the system of the Church of Rome. Luther shattered the theological restraints and distortions of the Roman Catholic religion. This accomplishment amounts to the establishment of another religion known as Protestantism, a faith that was generated from the Reformation, with its advocates such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Knox. However, Luther stood out as one of the Reformation titans in a most unique manner. Roland H. Bainton suggests the following concerning Luther's reforms with regard to the Catholic sacraments; "But Luther's rejection of the five sacraments might even have been tolerated had it not been for the radical transformation which he effected in the two which he retained. Fr om his view of baptism, he was not a second baptism, and no vow should ever be taken beyond the baptismal vow. Most serious of all was Luther's reduction of the mass to the Lord's Supper. The mass is central for the entire Roman Catholic system because the mass is believed to be a repetition of the Incarnation and the Crucifixion. When the bread and wine are transubstantiated, God again becomes flesh and Christ again dies upon the altar. This wonder can be performed only by priests empowered through ordination. . . His first insistence was that the sacrament of the mass must be not magical but mystical. . . He, too, had no mind to subject

Beowulf2 essays

Beowulf2 essays Beowulf is the cornerstone of the medieval literature evolution. It is known as the basis for following epic stories of heroism, valor, and conflicts between man and himself. Beowulf was never actually "written," therefore it does not have a credited author. It is said that this poem was passed through time by an oral poetic method. This simply means "by word of mouth." Beowulf was finally placed into its actual poetic form by and unknown poet. The poem was performed for many years by what is called a "scop." This person, or "scop," would perform Beowulf by singing or chanting in front of a live audience. There has been much controversy between scholars of weather or not Beowulf should be thought of as a pagan story or as a Christian allegory. Another trying factor in this poem is the idea of comitatus and its influence on the development of feudalism. This essay will discuss these two factors along with the tragedy of the fight scene between Beowulf and the dragon. Many scholars see that Beowulf as a pagan story in the tradition of the Germanic heroic epic emphasizing the virtues of the comitatus. Other's see the poem's spirit to be altruistic and believe it may have been intended as a Christian allegory. I believe that Beowulf was written more as a Christian allegory. Many elements of Christianity are found throughout the poem. Beowulf makes reference to God as his "protector." After his fight with Grendel's mother he states: "The fight would have ended straightaway if God had not guarded me." I felt a sense through Beowulf's heroism that this protection over him by God was earned through his courage and pride. Besides the idea of God as a protector, I also see him as being portrayed as ruler over all. Hrothgar tells Beowulf that the status of king is achieved through God when he states: "he turned away from the joys of men, alone, notorious king, although mighty God had raised him in power, in the joys of strength, had set him ...

Somebody Loves You Mr. Hatch - Book Review

Somebody Loves You Mr. Hatch - Book Review Summary of Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch, a Valentines Day picture book by Eileen Spinelli, wonderfully illustrates the power of love and friendship. It would make an excellent gift for a young child. The illustrations are by Paul Yalowitz whose whimsical, textured artwork adds greatly to the story of a lonely man whose life is changed by an anonymous gift, a change in attitude and the kindness of others. Somebody Loves You, Mr. Hatch is a book I recommend for parents to read aloud and talk about with their kids, ages 4-8. Mr. Hatch and His Lonely Life The main character in the picture book is a very lonely man, Mr. Hatch. The story begins with a description of Mr. Hatchs lonely daily life. He lives alone, barely knows or talks to anyone, works all day in a shoelace factory, buys a fresh turkey wing for supper each day, eats, takes a shower, and goes to bed. In his neighborhood and at work people say the same thing about Mr. Hatch, He keeps to himself. Mr. Hatchs loneliness is illustrated with drab colors and by the way in which the artist depicts him: shoulders slumped, head down, manner subdued. A Big Change for Mr. Hatch All of this changes when the postman brings Mr. Hatch a huge, heart-shaped box of chocolates along with a card that says somebody loves you. Mr. Hatch is so happy he does a little dance. Because he thinks he might meet his secret admirer, Mr. Hatch puts on a colorful tie and some old aftershave. He takes the box of chocolates to work to share. He even talks to Mr. Smith at his newspaper stand, notices he looks sick and offers to watch the newsstand while Mr. Smith goes to the doctors office. Mr. Hatch continues to talk to others, to help those in need, and to share with his neighbors. In fact, Mr. Hatch bakes brownies and holds an impromptu picnic for his neighbors at which he plays his old harmonica for them. His neighbors enjoy being with Mr. Hatch and like him very much. The more Mr. Hatch is friendly and kind to his neighbors, the more they reciprocate. When the postman tells Mr. Hatch that the candy had been delivered to his house by mistake and that he doesnt have a secret admirer, Mr. Hatch becomes withdrawn again. The postman tells the neighbors what has happened. The neighbors get together and throw a big surprise party for Mr. Hatch, complete with candy, a new harmonica, and a big sign that said, Everybody loves Mr. Hatch. My Recommendation This is a charming book with a powerful message. The importance of love and kindness comes through loud and clear. Even very young children will understand how good it is to feel loved and how important it is to help others feel loved. While this is an excellent Valentines Day book, the story is one that children will enjoy year-round.(Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1996, Paperback. ISBN: 9780689718724) Other Good Books for Valentines Day One of the childrens books I particularly recommend is the special pop-up gift edition of Guess How Much I Love You, by Sam McBratney, with Anita Jerams delightful illustrations and Corina Fletchers well-designed paper engineering. Youll find more books on my annotated list of the Top Childrens Books for Valentines Day, which includes picture books, such as, Queen of Hearts Love, Splat and t, plus the beginning readers Too Many Valentines and Nate the Great and the Mushy Valentine.

Economic Policy in the Open Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic Policy in the Open Economy - Essay Example The balance of payments is based on the principle of double entry bookkeeping and the monetary value of every transaction is recorded as both a credit and a debit. Debits and credits in the balance of payments are collected into groups on the basis of what is exported or imported. The partitioning of these groups varies between countries however. We generally divide the balance of payments into four traditional subdivisions: current account, unilateral account, capital account, and gold account, these in return contain the value of goods and services either exported or imported plus dividend and interest income and payment, second entry for gift received, imports and exports of assets like bonds and common stocks and, the import and export of gold for commercial purposes, respectively. The import of a bond or any asset similar in context is recorded as a debit in the capital account. Since its purchase results in the country’s residents paying out money or capital, the import of a bond, like any other debit entry in the capital account, is called a capital outflow. On the other hand, the export of a bond means the residents actually receive money or capital; and thus, the export of a bond, like other credit entries made in the capital account, is called a capital inflow. ... According to the Statistical Bulletin, The UK’s current account deficit was recorded to be ?15.2 billion in the third quarter of 2011, the highest value recorded as yet. Its trade deficit extended to ?9.9 billion in the third quarter of 2011, an increase of ?2.7 billion since the previous quarter. The income surplus was ?0.3 billion which is actually the smallest surplus ever since the fourth quarter of 2000. Moreover, the international investment position recorded UK net liabilities of ?245.5 billion at the end of the third quarter 2011 which outweigh the inward investment of ?22 billion by at least ten times. In the recent picture, the increasing balance of payments deficit is only adding to the mound of problems. The repercussions produced by slowdown in exports followed by increasing faster growth in imports of goods and services caused by a rise in the value of sterling against other currencies has indeed led to a worsening balance of payments’ position. Due to the increasing deficit, the government has responded by the introduction of tough austerity measures aimed at narrowing the budgetary deficit; however this has only led to soaring unemployment and rising business bankruptcies. There is a loss of employment because UK businesses are losing market share and output to cheaper imports from overseas. A fall in business confidence and a decline in capital investment spending by UK exporting firms have been witnessed primarily because of the continually declining aggregate demand. Balance of payments deficits are nearly always bad for the economy, except if a country is importing a high volume of goods and services to make available diverse resources to its citizens. However, in the long term if the trade deficit is a symptom of a weak economy and a lack of

An economic analysis of hanger film movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An economic analysis of hanger film movie - Essay Example The movie that is of interest in this case is entitled Hunger Games. It is a movie produced by Gary Ross and was released in March 2012. With this particular movie in perspective the issues that are to be looked at revolve around the production budget, the expenses incurred thereafter, sat in marketing together with the revenue that is generated upon its release and thereafter. The estimated budget for the production of the movie was in the region of $78 million. Quite a large budget it was but the fact that the global reception of the movie was not a letdown is something worth writing home about. A movie is considered a success in economic terms if the revenue generated from its sales in cinemas and individuals surpasses the breakeven point to the extent that the revenue gotten from sales is able to cover all the expenses incurred in the development and at the same time generate a profit. The revenue that was generated from the movie puts the movie in the same league as some of the mentionable movies that have been produced over the years. Upon the first weekend after its release, the movie was able to rake in a total of $152.5 million dollars in the U.S. alone. This was just but the United States only. Further afield in a country like Denmark the movie was able to rake in close to $4.5 million. These figures are only in relation to the showing of the movie in theatres and does not necessarily reflect the actual amount that is to be realized after considering even the individual purchases. What this points out is that the reception of the movie on a global level was quite positive. So far in the U.S. alone the movie has had a gross domestic total of close to $340 million dollars. The financial statistics also speak a lot about the movie. The fact that it has been able to topple the list when put side by side with other big movies such as Titanic in 3-D is something quite commendable. In the weekend of 14th April 2012 the

Nvq 2 Health and Social Essay Example for Free

Nvq 2 Health and Social Essay Personal centred approach is when carers take interest in what service users prefer and use this when providing care. Also, its thinking about the service users choices, right, protecting their privacy and dignity, supporting their independence and working in partnership with them and other colleagues to make the care better. 2. Person centre approach enables individuals with dementia to be involved in their own care and support because carers can talk to the resident and find out how they prefer things to be done, how they like to be spoken to and cared for so staff can give the best care in the way that suits them. Outcome 2 1.Information about personality and life history can be used to support an individual to live well with dementia because if they have a good written history it can help with communication, knowing what the person likes and dislikes if they are unable to tell you. Having a good life history can be used to support and live well because it helps people know more about someone, and look after them better meaning knowing how the like things. Outcome 3 1. All these things make up personal centred approach. Before giving someone care or help with something if we think about all these things and what the service user prefers we can provide the best possible care for them. Also, if we’re providing good care and the service user is happy then they start to feel comfortable and will tell us more about their choices and preferences so we’re able to provide our care at a even higher standard. link

Essay --

The concept of Social Darwinism was initially perceived in European culture in 1877 as a concept used by sociologists with Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theories providing justification for exploitation. Darwin’s theories provided that animals and plants evolved into different species undergoing a process of natural selection, and animals included humans that undergo the same natural selection process as animals. Darwin’s theories were applied to human society in the attempts to answer issues on why there are rich people and poor people, or why there are people who are dark-skinned and others lighter. Social Darwinism became the new tool of the 1800s to give justification for imperial conquest around the world. Christianity was the strong armor used by Europeans to justify their activities of territorial expansion wherein sacred missions such as the Crusades against Islam as well as the efforts to unify Germany, and the colonization of the New World were use d to cover the political and economic motivations of European imperialists. However, in the early part of the 19th century, the sacred mission of religion was no longer accepted as appropriate cover for Imperialism with the increased literacy in Europe through the Enlightenment movement which promoted the widespread use of reason. European imperialism made Great Britain to have control over great world regions dominating over the conquered peoples of their territories. The Europeans believed that the people of its colonies must be controlled over by the more intelligent Europeans and justified their control until Charles Darwin’s work of On the Origin of Species. This published work was highly opposed to by the church and the bible and was further perceived as an urge... ...oor, less successful, or to the disadvantaged minorities in society as such assistance would unnaturally promote the survival of these weaker groups of people and only allow them to reproduce and spread this defective genetics. Justifications for business practices supported by theories of laissez-faire systems were manifested in workers being overworked and underpaid. Practices of social Darwinism created a great gap between wealth and poverty. Social Darwinism as employed by the Europeans negatively affected natural processes of human social structures in social, political, and economic components to justify imperialism, racism, and capitalism. Charles Darwin may not have primarily extended his theories to human society, but European imperialists took advantage of his concept and for generations have unfortunately succeeded in today’s constant racism issues.

Main place of work Essay

Three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business are: 1. Health and safety at Work Act 2. National Minimum Wage Act 1998 3. Pension 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. Three key points of legislation that affect employees are: 1. Data Protection Act 1998 2. The Equality Act 2010 3. The Working Time Regulations 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information. Internal sources of information: 1. Terms of employment contract 2. Organisation policies and procedures 3. Informed college 4. Line managers 5. Trade union representatives External sources of information: 1. Citizen Advice Bureau 2. ACAS (Conciliation and Arbitration Service) 3. Government agencies 4. Libraries 5. Legal professionals 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. Representative bodies are organisations that represent the interest and rights of the employees. They can offer support to employees by negotiating pay and terms of employment and providing information, consultation and legal services. They also can help employees with pensions and collective redundancy issues. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. The employer has the responsibility to develop and apply policies and procedures reflecting equality and diversity latest legislation, make sure that the line managers promote fair treatment and train the employees in equality and diversity topics. The employees responsibilities are to understand and respect the policies and procedures of the organisation regarding equality and diversity and respect others regardless of disabilities , ethnicity, gender etc.

International Joint Ventures

AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman In submitting this assignment, I certify that all this material is my own work, except where I have indicated otherwise with appropriate references. 0. 0 0. 1 Report on the ‘Sandford’ Joint Venture in East Timor Date: 30th September 2011 For: George Jackson From: Mizanur Rahman 1. 0 Executive Summary Freemantle Construction operates in a domestic environment against ever increasing competition in a saturated market, trying to maintain market share during economic downturn. In contrast Sandford has a strong international presence in the hotel/leisure industry and is looking at diversification to improve their competitive advantage and compliment their current offerings. The opportunity presented by this Joint Venture (JV) will assist both Sandford and Fremantle in entering a new market. It will be challenging mainly because of the fact that both firms are from different industries and may have different goals/objectives along with differing management styles. Furthermore, the JV’s first project is situated in the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (DRTL), which will have its own complexities to contend with, be it government/business policies or technology/skills shortages etc. The JV will have to consider a decision making processes throughout the partnership, which could be difficult, with each firm’s needs possibly being different. For a successful JV, the partners need to be honest, trustworthy, committed and focus on what will be best for the JV rather than on their own needs. Beamish (2008) quoted that firms enter JVs in order to create new products/services and enter new/foreign markets. This is the key benefit to this JV, whilst there are many risk factors to consider, the rewards will possibly outweigh this but only if all the obstacles and opportunities are correctly assessed and an appropriate strategy is agreed and implemented. 2. 0 Introduction This report was commissioned by Mr Benny Garstead. The objective was to recommend an appropriate ‘Diversification Strategy’ and identify ‘Opportunities and Obstacles’ that will be encountered by the ‘Sandford & Freemantle’ JV in the DRTL. Page 1 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman 3. 0 3. 1 Diversification via JV What form of JV Prior to engaging in a ‘Diversification’ strategy both firms will have to agree on the type of JV to be implemented for this project, integrated where profit/loss is shared against an agreed percentage, or non-integrated where profit/loss is not shared. The benefit of an integrated system is that it requires capital investment from all partners and this signifies commitment and can enhance the chances of success. These decisions along with objectives and how to manage the JV will have to be agreed prior to engaging the JV. Pearce (1997) indicated that JVs can become very demanding if the partners have differing objectives. The reasons behind the JV are simple, both parties contribute to the overall scale/skills pool, thus being in a position to penetrate new markets. However local knowledge in respect of the newly formed DRTL will be lacking. This gap will need to be filled, possibly with local partners/advisors if the JV is to be successful. . 2 Diversification Theory Ansoff’s (1965) idea of diversification (see matrix below) highlights that this is when firms enter new markets with new products. The new product here is the combined offering of both firms, in a completely new market. Berry (1975) alternatively states that ‘Diversification’ is an increase in the number of industries a firm is active in. There are numerous other definitions, but in essence it is based on de sire for growth, by expanding a firm’s existing offering with other products/services etc. which can be directly or indirectly related to current offerings or be completely unrelated. The notion that this JV needs to be identified separately from both firm’s existing operations, by diversifying, could improve competitive advantage by providing focus in a niche market, where one service compliments/leads on to the other and thus being able to provide a tailored/total solution to the DRTL, where many international/domestic firms will be vying for the same business. Page 2 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman 3. 3 Why Diversify By integrating into related markets (related diversification, infrastructure hotels/leisure = revenue from building & tourism), Freemantle can enter into another market, which could boost their current position and secure cash flow to survive the current downturn. Rather than downsizing, they could potentially increase their turnover, albeit growth not necessarily means more profit. Sandford will also greatly benefit by being able to complement Freemantle’s offering by following on with the required tourism facilities. This type of synergy is called ‘Horizontal Diversification’. A diversification strategy is simply a ‘growth’ strategy and in this instance could be seen as ‘differentiation’. Porter (1985) states in his ‘Generic Strategies’, firms looking for competitive advantage through ‘differentiation’ must consider the additional costs incurred in re-branding, promoting etc. and the chances of recovering these, also the method is not unique and could be replicated by other competing firms. On a positive note Rumelt (1982) developed, from earlier studies of Chandler (1962) and Wrigley (1970), categories for various diversification strategies nd from this, related diversification on average outperformed other diversification strategies. Furthermore, it was found that these firms had a natural advantage by expanding their skills into related areas. In general drivers for Sandford & Fremantle’s choice to diversify would be based on: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Sandford’s desire for growth Freemantleâ₠¬â„¢s need to escape a stagnant market Both need to acquire the skills in the construction/tourism sector Both desire to spread risk Both desire to access a virgin market 3. 2. 1 Advantages & Disadvantage The principle advantages for this JV are: ? ? ? ? ? An increase in value/wealth to the firms, which would not be possible on their own. Economies of scale would be increased, assisting entry into the new market. Construction costs for Sandford would decrease. Economies of scope can be exploited by Freemantle delivering the required infrastructure and then the related tourism/leisure facilities. Provides movement away from declining activities for Freemantle. Spreading risk from interests in one area, as well as the risks involved in international JVs (IJVs). The Principle disadvantages could be: ? ? Slowing growth in its core business, if focus is shifted. Potentially would add to management costs by implementing a separate team to run the JV. Loss could be incurred during market c onsolidation process resulting in some parts of the business being subsidized by other profitable parts. Page 3 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman ? ? Diversification across national boundaries could result in the firms having to deal with varying political/legal requirements of the different countries in which the JV firms have controlling interests. May result in failure when there is a mismatch between core competencies/experiences. Freemantle’s lack of international experience and Sandford’s lack of local knowledge/influence. 4. 0 4. 1 Obstacles and Opportunities for the DRTL project Virgin Market The DRTL is a diverse country ecologically and culturally due to its multitude of linguistic and ethnic inhabitants, built up over its history from settlements to colonisation. The DRTL have to deal with many critical issues from the lack of infrastructure, as virtually everything will have to be rebuilt from ruins left from the war. Despite the lack of facilities and the major task ahead, according to Moghe (2001) the success of the country lies with proper infrastructure, security, efficient policy and the ability to make clients and investors feel that they are on ‘neutral territory’. One point to note is that there will be mass influx that will occur from foreign firms looking to capture some market share during construction, along with the firms that will remain and operate businesses (i. e. hotel/leisure and tourist facilities). Aditjondro (2001) criticised this, as it would force the DRTL into a new form of colonisation, an economic one, thus resulting what could be viewed as simply an outpost for globalisation. 4. 2 Globalisation Society today is very global and thus making our domestic markets more competitive. This encourages firms to venture across international boundaries in order to offset seasonal fluctuations (i. e. construction during winter periods) through increased opportunities and ultimately be spreading their risk across various options. The choice to go global has many risks and potential obstacles to consider from cultural/language barriers to economic, legal and political risk. Cartwright and Cooper (1996) underline that compatibility issues may arise from IJVs due to differences in national culture, managerial styles. The proposed JV provides a gateway for international expansion, which maybe a comfortable area for Sandford but Freemantle need to fully assess their capability/competence in a foreign market by fully assessing the risks. 4. 3 Risk Bettis & Hall (1982) successfully demonstrated the link between risk and reward performance and diversification strategies. In their study they calculated return on assets to measure risk and reward performance. The result found a negative risk Page 4 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman against return for related firms, which suggested the opportunity to simultaneously reduce risk and increase return. However, a detailed risk/reward analysis needs to be conducted to ensure that the JV is not affected by any change. Areas for consideration (UK & USA ‘v’ DRTL): Culture: Currency: Economy: Government: Legal: Labour: Language: Marketing: Transport: Technology: Homogeneous ‘v’ Heterogeneous Uniform ‘v’ Uniform (? /$) Relatively Stable ‘v’ Variable & unpredictable Stable ‘v’ Maybe Unstable Free movement of goods ‘v’ possible legal restrictions Skilled workers available ‘v’ Impossible to source Generally Single Language ‘v’ Different Languages/dialects Many media streams with little restriction ‘v’ Fewer media Several competitive options ‘v’ inadequate Latest ‘v’ Outdated An appropriate level of competency/ability and motivation is required amongst the staff, for a firm to operate effectively on the international scene. The varying strengths and weakness of both firm’s skill base would need to be fully analysed, in order to compile a competent/capable team. Thus providing a balance of all necessary attributes and improving the chances of success. 4. 4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) DRTL is one of the poorest countries in the world. The country will still be very fragile and under the watch of the UN. Also the population may not trust outsiders as they have repeatedly been under forced control, so gaining trust for a successful JV will be imperative and thus a robust CSR policy needs to be agreed and implemented. If the CSR policy is not followed, the firm’s image be ruined, causing failure abroad and potentially back home. The JV cannot claim to be an ethical setup if it ignores unethical practices linked to its operations e. g. : ? ? ? ? Use of child labour and forced labour Production that effects the livelihoods of indigenous people Violation of the basic rights of workers Ignoring health, safety and environmental standards An ethical business has to be concerned with the behaviour of all businesses that operate in the supply chain – i. e. ? ? ? ? Partners Advisors Suppliers Sub-contractors The sticking point is if any of the above is required to be ignored, either to progress the project or to make profit. The decision needs to remain ethical to maintain long term success. Page 5 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman 4. 0 Conclusion The capability/capacity of the existing construction industry in DRTL, like many developing nations, will be in its infancy (World Bank, 1984; Kirmani, 1988; Wells 1986). For success local knowledge will be a necessity. Although there are several strategies available for IJVs, diversification strategies provide firms with high growth potential in international markets (Capar and Kotabe, 2003). Diversification may be a fast track growth solution but if an appropriate strategy is not applied and the management fail to understand the JV, then serious financial impact is inevitable not only to the JV but also the parent firms. Available competencies and capability need to be assessed; also the product that is being provided needs to have resonance with the new market. Hence extensive research rather than internet based research needs to be conducted at ground zero. Are the firms ready for an IJV, or are there skills gaps that need filling? 5. 0 Recommendations The recommendations are, but not limited to: 1. Conduct a thorough PESTEL analysis on the DRTL situation. 2. Conduct a SWOT analysis of the JV in DRTL. 3. Agree on the percentage level of profit/loss sharing for an integrated JV. 4. Agree the JVs Objectives, Decision Making Protocols. 5. Review competencies and capabilities of senior management and assemble the correct team. . Implement a CSR policy. 7. Network with DRTL decision makers and appoint a local partner or advisor. 8. Engage with the community. Once the above has been achieved then the JV can start prospecting for work. (2020 – 24 Citations = 1996 words) Page 6 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman Bibliography Aditjondro, G. J. (2001). East Timorese becoming guests in their own land [online]. Indonesia: Jakarta Post . Available from: http://members. canb. auug. org. au/~wildwood/febguests. htm [Accessed 27 September 2011]. Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate Strategy:An Anylytical approach to business policy for growth & expansion. New York: McGraw-Hill. Beamish, P. W. (2008). Joint venturing. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. Berry, C. H. (1975). Corporate Growth and Diversification. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Bettis, R. A. , Hall W. K. (1982). Diversification Strategy, accounting determined risk, and accounting determined return, Academy of Management Journal, 25, pp. 254-264. Carpar, N. , Kotabe, M. (2003). The relationship between international diversification and performance in service firms, Journal of International Business Studies. 34, pp. 45-355. Cartwright, S. , Cooper, C. (1996). Managing Mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances: integrating people and cultures. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Haendel, D. (1979). Foreign investments and the management of political risk. Colorado: West View Press. Hill, W. L. (2005). International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. International ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kirmani, S. S. 1988). The Construction Industry In Development: Issues And Options, Discussion Paper, Report INU 10, February, World Bank. Moghe, C. G. (2001) A framework for East Timor's economic planning [online]. Indonesia: Jakarta Post. Available from: http://www. thejakartapost. com/news/2001/02/22/a-frameworkeast-timor039s-economic-planning. html [Accessed 27 September 2011]. Pearce, R. J. (1997). Toward understanding joint venture performance and s urvival: A bargaining and influence approach to transaction cost theory. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), pp. 03–225. Phatak, A. V. (1989), International dimensions of management, 2nd ed. Boston: PWS Kent Publishing Company. Porter, M. (1985). referred to in Hancock M. R. (2008) â€Å"Strategy in Construction† (ICM Module 6 work file. p. 2. 6, University of Bath. Ronen, S. (1986). Comparative and Multinational Management, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Rumelt, R. P. (1982). Diversification Strategy and Profitability, Strategic Management Journal, 3, pp. 359-369. Page 7 of 8 AR50126 Assignment Name: Mizanur Rahman Scullion, H. 1992), Strategic recruitment and development of the ‘International Manager’: Some European Considerations, Human Resource Management Journal, 3, pp. 57-69 UN (2010). East Timor Country Brief [online]. Australia. Available from: http://www. dfat. gov. au/geo/east_timor/east_timor_brief. html [Accessed 25 September 2011]. Wild, J. J. , Wild, K. L. & Han, J. C. Y. (2000). International Business: an Integrated Approach. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. World Bank (1984). The construction Industry: Issues and Strategies in developing Countries, Washington D. C. : World Bank. Page 8 of 8

Plagarism essays

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